Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Results

– Achieved Record Fiscal Year Consolidated Revenues, Net Income, and Free Cash Flow

– Achieved Record Quarterly Oil and Gas Royalties Production, Water Sales Volumes, and Produced Water Royalties Volumes

– Declared a 12.5% Increase to the Regular Dividend

– Earnings Call to be Held Thursday, February 19, 2026 at 9:30 am CT

DALLAS--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ (NYSE: TPL) (the “Company,â€� “TPL,â€� “we,â€� “ourâ€� or “usâ€�), one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with surface and royalty ownership that provides revenue opportunities through the support of energy production, today announced its financial and operating results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2025.

Fourth Quarter 2025 Highlights

  • Acquired 17,306 net royalty acres (standardized to 1/8th) located primarily in the Midland Basin for an aggregate purchase price of $450.7 million, net of post-closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction.
  • Invested $50.0 million in Bolt Data & Energy, Inc., a data infrastructure company, pursuant to a strategic agreement to develop and enable large scale data center campuses and supporting infrastructure across TPL land.
  • Entered into a $500 million revolving credit facility.
  • Effected a three-for-one stock split on December 22, 2025.
  • Achieved record performance results, including:
    • Oil and gas royalty production of 37.5 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“Boeâ€�) per day
    • Water sales revenue of $60.7 million and water sales volumes of 1.0 million barrels (“bblâ€�) per day
    • Produced water royalties revenue of $33.5 million and produced water royalty volumes of 4.8 million bbl per day
    • Water Services and Operations segment revenues of $98.2 million
  • As of December 31, 2025, TPL’s royalty acreage had an estimated 5.6 net well permits, 9.8 net drilled but uncompleted wells (“DUCsâ€�), and 4.0 net completed but not producing wells (“CUPsâ€�), totaling 19.5 net wells(1). TPL had 116.1 net producing wells as of December 31, 2025, and net producing wells added during the quarter had an average lateral length of approximately 10,910 feet.(2)
  • Land and Resource Management segment revenues of $113.4 million
  • Consolidated net income of $123.3 million, or $1.79 per share (diluted)
  • Adjusted EBITDA(3) of $178.1 million
  • Free cash flow(3) of $118.9 million
  • Quarterly cash dividend of $0.53 per share was paid on December 15, 2025

Full Year 2025 Highlights

  • Oil and gas royalty production of 34.6 thousand Boe per day
  • Produced water royalties revenue of $124.2 million
  • Land and Resource Management segment revenues of $490.7 million
  • Water Services and Operations segment revenues of $307.5 million
  • Consolidated net income of $481.4 million, or $6.97 per share (diluted)
  • Adjusted EBITDA(3) of $687.4 million
  • Free cash flow(3) of $498.3 million
  • $147.8 million of total cash dividends paid through December 31, 2025
  • $8.4 million of common stock repurchases through December 31, 2025

(1) Total may not foot due to rounding.

(2) Numbers reflected exclude recent royalty acquisition.

(3) Reconciliations of non-GAAP performance measures are provided in the tables below.

“Fourth quarter 2025 represents an excellent finish to a record year for TPL,� said Tyler Glover, Chief Executive Officer of the Company. “Oil and gas royalty production, water sales volumes, and produced water royalties volumes set records for this quarter and for the fiscal year. We also delivered fiscal year records for consolidated revenue, net income, and free cash flow. Our differentiated scale across royalties, land, and water enabled us to expand capture rates and generate growth despite broader commodity price headwinds. In addition, we have made substantial progress with next-generation opportunities in data centers and produced water desalination, and we plan to continue deploying resources to accelerate commercialization. TPL still maintains a net cash position and a fully undrawn $500 million credit facility, providing the Company ample liquidity to invest countercyclically across royalty, land, and water and to expand shareholder return of capital. We remain steadfastly focused on maximizing long-term intrinsic value per share, and the opportunity set in front of us today across our legacy and next-gen businesses is robust as ever.�

Financial Results for the Fourth Quarter of 2025 - Sequential

The Company reported net income of $123.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to net income of $121.2 million for the third quarter of 2025.

Total revenues for the fourth quarter of 2025 were $211.6 million compared to $203.1 million for the third quarter of 2025. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $16.2 million increase in water sales and a $3.9 million increase in easements and other surface-related income, partially offset by a $12.0 million decrease in oil and gas royalty revenue compared to the third quarter of 2025. The Company’s share of production was 37.5 thousand Boe per day for the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to 36.3 thousand Boe per day for the third quarter of 2025, and the Company’s average realized price was $29.33 per Boe in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to $34.10 per Boe in the third quarter of 2025. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $62.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to $54.0 million for the third quarter of 2025. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to a $7.0 million increase in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense and a $1.1 million increase in water service-related expenses during the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2025.

Financial Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2025

The Company reported net income of $481.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to net income of $454.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 were $798.2 million compared to $705.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $38.3 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, a $20.1 million increase in produced water royalties, a $19.0 million increase in water sales, and an $18.5 million increase in easements and other surface-related income compared to the same period of 2024. The Company’s share of production was 34.6 thousand Boe per day for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 26.8 thousand Boe per day for the same period of 2024, and the average realized price was $34.18 per Boe for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $39.87 per Boe for the same period of 2024. Produced water royalties increased due to increased produced water volumes, while water sales increased due to both increased volumes and pricing. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $206.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $166.7 million for the same period of 2024. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to a $33.0 million increase in depletion expense associated with oil and gas royalty interests acquired during the second half of 2025 and 2024.

Quarterly Dividend Declared

On February 10, 2026, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.60 per share, payable on March 16, 2026 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 2, 2026. This represents a 12.5% increase from the prior quarter regular dividend.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

The Company will hold a conference call on Thursday, February 19, 2026 at 9:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss fourth quarter and year end results. A live webcast of the conference call will be available on the Investors section of the Company’s website at . To listen to the live broadcast, go to the site at least 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time in order to register and install any necessary audio software.

The conference call can also be accessed by dialing 1-877-407-4018 or 1-201-689-8471. The telephone replay can be accessed by dialing 1-844-512-2921 or 1-412-317-6671 and providing the conference ID# 13757644. The telephone replay will be available starting shortly after the call through March 5, 2026.

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 882,000 acres of land, with the majority of its ownership concentrated in the Permian Basin. The Company is not an oil and gas producer, but its surface and royalty ownership provides revenue opportunities throughout the life cycle of a well. These revenue opportunities include fixed fee payments for use of the Company’s land, revenue for sales of materials (caliche) used in the construction of infrastructure, providing sourced water and/or treated produced water, revenue from the Company’s oil and gas royalty interests, and revenue related to saltwater disposal on the Company’s land. The Company also generates revenue from pipeline, power line and utility easements, commercial leases and temporary permits principally related to a variety of land uses including, but not limited to, midstream infrastructure projects and hydrocarbon processing facilities.

Visit TPL at .

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this news release are, and certain statements made on the related conference call may be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are based on TPL’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, TPL, and therefore involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Generally, future or conditional verbs such as “will,� “would,� “should,� “could,� or “may� and the words “believe,� “anticipate,� “continue,� “intend,� “expect� and similar expressions or the negative of such terms identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, references to strategies, plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, assumptions, future operations and prospects; statements regarding anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions or the Permian Basin’s future drilling inventory and energy resources; and other statements that are not historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Although TPL believes that plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by any forward-looking statements made herein are reasonable, TPL may be unable to achieve such plans, intentions or expectations and actual results, and performance or achievements may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the initiation or outcome of potential litigation; any changes in general economic and/or industry specific conditions; and the other risks discussed in TPL’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. You can access TPL’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC�) through the SEC’s website at and TPL strongly encourages you to do so. These forward-looking statements are based only on information available to TPL and speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by applicable law, TPL undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or other statements herein for revisions or changes after this communication is made.

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS
(unaudited)

Oil and Gas Activity

The table below provides financial and operational data by royalty stream:

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Company’s share of production volumes (1):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

1,320

Ìý

Ìý

1,284

Ìý

Ìý

4,936

Ìý

Ìý

4,118

Natural gas (MMcf)

Ìý

Ìý

6,328

Ìý

Ìý

6,142

Ìý

Ìý

23,359

Ìý

Ìý

17,074

NGL (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

1,078

Ìý

Ìý

1,031

Ìý

Ìý

3,784

Ìý

Ìý

2,841

Equivalents (MBoe)

Ìý

Ìý

3,453

Ìý

Ìý

3,338

Ìý

Ìý

12,613

Ìý

Ìý

9,804

Equivalents per day (MBoe/d)

Ìý

Ìý

37.5

Ìý

Ìý

36.3

Ìý

Ìý

34.6

Ìý

Ìý

26.8

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalty revenue (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil royalties

Ìý

$

74,998

Ìý

$

79,860

Ìý

$

304,930

Ìý

$

298,074

Natural gas royalties

Ìý

Ìý

3,856

Ìý

Ìý

11,441

Ìý

Ìý

37,432

Ìý

Ìý

18,512

NGL royalties

Ìý

Ìý

17,867

Ìý

Ìý

17,404

Ìý

Ìý

69,315

Ìý

Ìý

56,745

Total oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

96,721

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

411,677

Ìý

$

373,331

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Realized prices (1):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

59.48

Ìý

$

65.14

Ìý

$

64.69

Ìý

$

75.80

Natural gas ($/Mcf)

Ìý

$

0.66

Ìý

$

2.01

Ìý

$

1.73

Ìý

$

1.17

NGL ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

17.92

Ìý

$

18.25

Ìý

$

19.81

Ìý

$

21.60

Equivalents ($/Boe)

Ìý

$

29.33

Ìý

$

34.10

Ìý

$

34.18

Ìý

$

39.87

___________________________
(1)

Term

Ìý

Definition

Ìý

Bbl

Ìý

One stock tank barrel of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

Boe

Ìý

One barrel of oil equivalent.

Ìý

MBbls

Ìý

One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

MBoe

Ìý

One thousand Boe.

Ìý

MBoe/d

Ìý

One thousand Boe per day.

Ìý

Mcf

Ìý

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

MMcf

Ìý

One million cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

NGL

Ìý

Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas that may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline.

Water Services and Operations Activity

The table below provides financial and operational data for water sales and produced water royalties:

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Water volumes (in MBbls) (1):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

92,072

Ìý

Ìý

71,332

Ìý

Ìý

278,564

Ìý

Ìý

269,281

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

443,578

Ìý

Ìý

400,804

Ìý

Ìý

1,566,588

Ìý

Ìý

1,257,246

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Water volumes in barrels per day (in MBbls/d) (2):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

1,001

Ìý

Ìý

775

Ìý

Ìý

763

Ìý

Ìý

736

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

4,822

Ìý

Ìý

4,357

Ìý

Ìý

4,292

Ìý

Ìý

3,435

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Water revenue (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Water sales

Ìý

$

60,733

Ìý

$

44,578

Ìý

$

169,701

Ìý

$

150,724

Produced water royalties

Ìý

$

33,513

Ìý

$

32,268

Ìý

$

124,218

Ìý

$

104,123

___________________________
(1)

MBbl = 1 thousand barrels of water.

(2)

MBbl/d = 1 thousand barrels of water per day.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

96,721

Ìý

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

411,677

Ìý

Ìý

$

373,331

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

60,733

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Ìý

Ìý

169,701

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

150,724

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

33,513

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Ìý

Ìý

124,218

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

104,123

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

20,612

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

16,715

Ìý

Ìý

91,775

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

73,257

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

4,388

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

211,579

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

203,085

Ìý

Ìý

798,190

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

705,823

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

14,894

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

14,387

Ìý

Ìý

57,925

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

53,621

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

17,523

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

Ìý

Ìý

53,528

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

46,124

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

6,424

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

5,591

Ìý

Ìý

23,780

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

34,483

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

21,930

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

62,533

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

25,162

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

1,562

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

2,625

Ìý

Ìý

8,263

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

7,295

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

62,333

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

53,994

Ìý

Ìý

206,029

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

166,685

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

149,246

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

149,091

Ìý

Ìý

592,161

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

539,138

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Interest expense

Ìý

Ìý

(690

)

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

(690

)

Ìý

Ìý

—

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

3,209

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

6,088

Ìý

Ìý

18,858

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

39,683

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

151,765

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

155,179

Ìý

Ìý

610,329

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

578,821

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

28,419

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

128,953

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

124,861

Net income

Ìý

$

123,346

Ìý

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

$

481,376

Ìý

Ìý

$

453,960

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Net income per share of common stock

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

$

1.79

Ìý

Ìý

$

1.76

Ìý

$

6.98

Ìý

Ìý

$

6.58

Diluted

Ìý

$

1.79

Ìý

Ìý

$

1.76

Ìý

$

6.97

Ìý

Ìý

$

6.57

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

Ìý

68,938,230

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

68,954,649

Ìý

Ìý

68,949,240

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

68,958,591

Diluted

Ìý

Ìý

69,020,805

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

69,030,773

Ìý

Ìý

69,027,492

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

69,059,252

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

Ìý

Land and Resource Management

Ìý

Water Services and Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and Resource Management

Ìý

Water Services and Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

96,721

Ìý

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

Ìý

$

96,721

Ìý

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

108,705

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

60,733

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

60,733

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

33,513

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

33,513

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

16,662

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,950

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

20,612

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

12,741

Ìý

Ìý

3,974

Ìý

Ìý

16,715

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

819

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

113,383

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

98,196

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

211,579

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

122,265

Ìý

Ìý

80,820

Ìý

Ìý

203,085

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

7,457

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

7,437

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

14,894

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

7,298

Ìý

Ìý

7,089

Ìý

Ìý

14,387

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

17,523

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

17,523

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

3,966

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

2,458

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

6,424

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,431

Ìý

Ìý

2,160

Ìý

Ìý

5,591

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

17,276

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

4,654

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

21,930

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

10,453

Ìý

Ìý

4,510

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

1,551

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

11

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

1,562

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

2,614

Ìý

Ìý

11

Ìý

Ìý

2,625

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

30,250

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

32,083

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

62,333

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

23,796

Ìý

Ìý

30,198

Ìý

Ìý

53,994

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

83,133

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

66,113

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

149,246

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

98,469

Ìý

Ìý

50,622

Ìý

Ìý

149,091

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Interest expense

Ìý

Ìý

(552

)

Ìý

Ìý

(138

)

Ìý

Ìý

(690

)

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

2,527

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

682

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,209

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

4,827

Ìý

Ìý

1,261

Ìý

Ìý

6,088

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

85,108

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

66,657

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

151,765

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

103,296

Ìý

Ìý

51,883

Ìý

Ìý

155,179

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

15,566

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

12,853

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

28,419

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

22,536

Ìý

Ìý

11,405

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Net income

Ìý

$

69,542

Ìý

Ìý

$

53,804

Ìý

Ìý

$

123,346

Ìý

Ìý

$

80,760

Ìý

$

40,478

Ìý

$

121,238

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (Continued)
(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Ìý

Ìý

Land and Resource Management

Ìý

Water Services and Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and Resource Management

Ìý

Water Services and Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

411,677

Ìý

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

Ìý

$

411,677

Ìý

Ìý

$

373,331

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

373,331

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

169,701

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

169,701

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

150,724

Ìý

Ìý

150,724

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

124,218

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

124,218

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

104,123

Ìý

Ìý

104,123

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

78,230

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

13,545

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

91,775

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

63,074

Ìý

Ìý

10,183

Ìý

Ìý

73,257

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

4,388

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

4,388

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

490,726

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

307,464

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

798,190

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

440,793

Ìý

Ìý

265,030

Ìý

Ìý

705,823

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

29,184

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

28,741

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

57,925

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

27,493

Ìý

Ìý

26,128

Ìý

Ìý

53,621

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

53,528

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

53,528

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

46,124

Ìý

Ìý

46,124

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

14,358

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

9,422

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

23,780

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

25,531

Ìý

Ìý

8,952

Ìý

Ìý

34,483

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

44,555

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

17,978

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

62,533

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

10,968

Ìý

Ìý

14,194

Ìý

Ìý

25,162

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

8,218

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

45

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

8,263

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

7,257

Ìý

Ìý

38

Ìý

Ìý

7,295

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

96,315

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

109,714

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

206,029

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

71,249

Ìý

Ìý

95,436

Ìý

Ìý

166,685

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

394,411

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

197,750

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

592,161

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

369,544

Ìý

Ìý

169,594

Ìý

Ìý

539,138

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Interest expense

Ìý

Ìý

(552

)

Ìý

Ìý

(138

)

Ìý

Ìý

(690

)

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

14,926

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,932

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

18,858

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

31,707

Ìý

Ìý

7,976

Ìý

Ìý

39,683

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

408,785

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

201,544

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

610,329

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

401,251

Ìý

Ìý

177,570

Ìý

Ìý

578,821

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

86,370

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

42,583

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

128,953

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

86,350

Ìý

Ìý

38,511

Ìý

Ìý

124,861

Net income

Ìý

$

322,415

Ìý

Ìý

$

158,961

Ìý

Ìý

$

481,376

Ìý

Ìý

$

314,901

Ìý

$

139,059

Ìý

$

453,960

NON-GAAP PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND DEFINITIONS

In addition to amounts presented in accordance with GAAP, we also present certain supplemental non-GAAP performance measurements. These measurements are not to be considered more relevant or accurate than the measurements presented in accordance with GAAP. In compliance with the requirements of the SEC, our non-GAAP measurements are reconciled to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP performance measure. For all non-GAAP measurements, neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on these non-GAAP measurements.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measurement of earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization. The purpose of presenting EBITDA is to highlight earnings without finance, taxes, and depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, and its use is limited to specialized analysis.

The purpose of presenting Adjusted EBITDA is to highlight earnings without non-cash activity such as share-based compensation and other non-recurring or unusual items, if applicable. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is a metric used by the compensation committee of our Board to evaluate the Company’s performance in determining the short-term and long-term incentive compensation of our Named Executive Officers on an annual basis. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus employee share-based compensation less pension curtailment and settlement gain. The pension curtailment and settlement gain are related to a buyout by a third party of defined benefit obligations under our pension plan and the subsequent freezing of our pension plan, both of which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2024. We have excluded the pension curtailment and settlement gain from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA as such gain is a non-recurring item and is not related to our core business.

The purpose of presenting free cash flow is to provide investors a metric to measure the funds available for investing in future acquisitions and returning capital to our stockholders through dividends and share repurchases after current income tax expense and purchases of fixed assets. Additionally, free cash flow is a metric used by the compensation committee of our Board to evaluate the Company’s performance in determining the short-term and long-term incentive compensation of our Named Executive Officers. To calculate free cash flow, net income is adjusted by adding back income tax expense, depreciation, depletion and amortization and employee share-based compensation, less the cash outflows of current income tax expenses, purchases of fixed assets and pension curtailment and settlement gain.

We have presented EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow because we believe that these metrics are useful supplements to net income in analyzing the Company’s operating performance, ability to fund future acquisitions, ability to return capital to our stockholders and explaining how our Named Executive Officers are compensated. Our definitions of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow may differ from computations of similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025 and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months EndedÌý

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Net income

Ìý

$

123,346

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

$

481,376

Ìý

$

453,960

Ìý

Add:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Interest expense

Ìý

Ìý

690

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

690

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

28,419

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

128,953

Ìý

Ìý

124,861

Ìý

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

21,930

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

62,533

Ìý

Ìý

25,162

Ìý

EBITDA

Ìý

Ìý

174,385

Ìý

Ìý

170,142

Ìý

Ìý

673,552

Ìý

Ìý

603,983

Ìý

Add (deduct):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Employee share-based compensation

Ìý

Ìý

3,756

Ìý

Ìý

3,493

Ìý

Ìý

13,817

Ìý

Ìý

11,364

Ìý

Pension curtailment and settlement gain

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

(4,616

)

Adjusted EBITDA

Ìý

$

178,141

Ìý

$

173,635

Ìý

$

687,369

Ìý

$

610,731

Ìý

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to free cash flow for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025 and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months EndedÌý

Ìý

Years Ended

Ìý

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Net income

Ìý

$

123,346

Ìý

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

Ìý

$

481,376

Ìý

Ìý

$

453,960

Ìý

Add (deduct):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

28,419

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

128,953

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

124,861

Ìý

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

21,930

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

62,533

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

25,162

Ìý

Employee share-based compensation

Ìý

Ìý

3,756

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,493

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

13,817

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

11,364

Ìý

Pension curtailment and settlement gain

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

(4,616

)

Current income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

(26,968

)

Ìý

Ìý

(30,166

)

Ìý

Ìý

(122,398

)

Ìý

Ìý

(120,257

)

Purchases of fixed assets

Ìý

Ìý

(28,653

)

Ìý

Ìý

(18,601

)

Ìý

Ìý

(59,531

)

Ìý

Ìý

(29,696

)

(Increase) decrease in accounts payable related to purchases of fixed assets

Ìý

Ìý

(2,973

)

Ìý

Ìý

(2,005

)

Ìý

Ìý

(6,417

)

Ìý

Ìý

273

Ìý

Free cash flow

Ìý

$

118,857

Ìý

Ìý

$

122,863

Ìý

Ìý

$

498,333

Ìý

Ìý

$

461,051

Ìý

Ìý

Investor Relations
IR@TexasPacific.com

Source: Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ