Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Announces Third Quarter Results

– Achieved Record Quarterly Revenues and Net Income from Water Segment

– Earnings Call to be Held Thursday, November 6, 2025 at 9:30 am CT

DALLAS--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ (NYSE: TPL) (the “Company,â€� “TPL,â€� “we,â€� “ourâ€� or “usâ€�), one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with surface and royalty ownership that provides revenue opportunities through the support of energy production, today announced its financial and operating results for the third quarter of 2025.

Third Quarter 2025 Highlights

  • Executed purchase agreement on approximately 17,306 net royalty acres (standardized to 1/8th) primarily located in the Midland Basin(1) (which subsequently closed November 3, 2025) and acquired approximately 8,147 surface acres in Martin County, Texas in September 2025 for a combined aggregate purchase price of $505 million. Both acquisitions were all cash transactions.

  • Completed a new $500 million revolving credit facility on October 23, 2025(2).

  • Three-for-one stock split of TPL’s common stock was approved by TPL’s Board of Directors (the “Boardâ€�) on November 3, 2025, subject to finalization of the effective date as determined by the Board.

  • Record results, including:

    • Oil and gas royalty production of 36.3 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“Boeâ€�) per day

    • Water sales revenue of $44.6 million

    • Produced water royalties revenue of $32.3 million

  • In July 2025, TPL began construction of a 10,000 barrel per day produced water desalination facility in Orla, Texas with estimated service date by the end of 2025.

  • As of September 30, 2025, TPL’s royalty acreage had an estimated 6.1 net well permits, 9.9 net drilled but uncompleted wells (“DUCsâ€�), and 3.1 net completed but not producing wells (“CUPsâ€�). Net well permits, DUCs, and CUPs total 19.0 net wells(3). TPL had 100.5 net producing wells as of September 30, 2025, and net producing wells added during the quarter had an average lateral length of approximately 10,619 feet.(4)

  • Land and Resource Management segment revenues of $122.3 million

  • Water Services and Operations segment revenues of $80.8 million, a Company record

  • Consolidated net income of $121.2 million, or $5.27 per share (diluted)

  • Adjusted EBITDA(5) of $173.6 million

  • Free cash flow(5) of $122.9 million

  • Quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share was paid on September 16, 2025

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Highlights

  • Oil and gas royalty production of 33.6 thousand Boe per day

  • Produced water royalties revenue of $90.7 million

  • Land and Resource Management segment revenues of $377.3 million

  • Water Services and Operations segment revenues of $209.3 million

  • Consolidated net income of $358.0 million, or $15.56 per share (diluted)

  • Adjusted EBITDA(5) of $509.2 million

  • Free cash flow(5) of $379.5 million

  • $111.0 million of total cash dividends paid through September 30, 2025

  • $8.4 million of common stock repurchases through September 30, 2025

(1)

The purchase and sale agreement for the royalty acquisition was executed in September 2025 and the transaction closed in early November 2025, as discussed below. Final purchase price and acreage interests subject to customary closing conditions and adjustments.

(2)

The credit facility closed on October 23, 2025, as discussed below.

(3)

Total may not foot due to rounding.

(4)

Numbers reflected exclude recent royalty acquisition.

(5)

Reconciliations of non-GAAP performance measures are provided in the tables below.

“This quarter’s results demonstrate the power of TPL’s unique business model and active management,� said Tyler Glover, Chief Executive Officer of the Company. “Record quarterly revenues and net income for our Water Services and Operations segment are the product of our past investments, ongoing commercial efforts, and strategic acquisitions since its inception in 2017. Oil and gas royalty production also reached a quarterly record. Despite the ongoing weakness with broader commodity prices, we have leveraged our considerable competitive advantages to achieve record performance across nearly every major key performance indicator. Furthermore, we are opportunistically harnessing our resilient business, high cash flow margins, and fortress balance sheet to consolidate high-quality Permian royalties, surface, and water assets. The acquired assets announced today fit seamlessly into the broader TPL portfolio. Our business model is designed to succeed throughout the commodity cycle without the need for hedging, thus preserving considerable incremental upside for TPL when the industry macro environment eventually improves.�

Financial Results for the Third Quarter of 2025 - Sequential

The Company reported net income of $121.2 million for the third quarter of 2025 compared to net income of $116.1 million for the second quarter of 2025.

Total revenues for the third quarter of 2025 were $203.1 million compared to $187.5 million for the second quarter of 2025. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $19.0 million increase in water sales and a $13.7 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, partially offset by a $19.5 million decrease in easements and other surface-related income compared to the second quarter of 2025. The Company’s share of production was 36.3 thousand Boe per day for the third quarter of 2025 compared to 33.2 thousand Boe per day for the second quarter of 2025, and the Company’s average realized price was $34.10 per Boe in the third quarter of 2025 compared to $32.94 per Boe in the second quarter of 2025. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $54.0 million for the third quarter of 2025 compared to $43.8 million for the second quarter of 2025. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to an $8.0 million increase in water service-related expenses during the third quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter of 2025.

Financial Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 - Year Over Year

The Company reported net income of $358.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to net income of $335.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $586.6 million compared to $520.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $38.6 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, a $19.7 million increase in easements and other surface-related income, and a $14.7 million increase in produced water royalties. The Company’s share of production was 33.6 thousand Boe per day for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 26.0 thousand Boe per day for the same period of 2024, and the average realized price was $36.01 per Boe for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $40.60 per Boe for the same period of 2024. Easements and other surface-related income increased principally due to an increase of $12.1 million in pipeline easements, $3.0 million in wellbore easements and $2.0 million in commercial leases. Produced water royalties increased principally due to increased produced water volumes. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $143.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $123.4 million for the same period of 2024. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to a $23.2 million increase in depletion expense associated with oil and gas royalty interests acquired during the second half of 2024.

Credit Facility

On October 23, 2025, the Company entered into a credit agreement that provides for a new $500 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility�). The Credit Facility bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR�) plus 2.25% to 2.50% based on TPL’s debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio. The Credit Facility has a $250 million accordion exercisable if new or existing lenders agree to provide or increase their commitments. The Credit Facility is initially unsecured with a springing security interest if the total debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio exceeds 2.50 to 1.0. The Credit Facility matures on October 23, 2029, and contains customary financial and other affirmative covenants, negative covenants, and events of default. The Credit Facility remains undrawn as of November 5, 2025.

Royalty Interest Acquisition

On November 3, 2025, the Company acquired approximately 17,306 net royalty acres (standardized to 1/8th) located primarily in the Midland basin in Martin, Howard, Midland, and other counties, for an aggregate purchase price of $474.1 million (“the Royalty Interests Acquisition�) in an all-cash transaction. Approximately 70% of the acquired acreage interest are adjacent to or overlapping drilling spacing units that the Company already owns an interest in. Approximately 61% of the royalty acreage is operated by Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE:XOM), Diamondback Energy, Inc. (NASDAQ: FANG), and Occidental Petroleum Corporation (NYSE: OXY). The Royalty Interests Acquisition currently produces more than 3,700 Boe per day (approximately 80% oil and natural gas liquids), and the Company expects to generate a double-digit pre-tax cash flow yield at realized oil and natural gas prices of approximately $60 per barrel and $2 per thousand cubic feet (mcf), respectively. The final purchase price and acreage interests are subject to customary closing conditions and adjustments.

Quarterly Dividend Declared

On November 3, 2025, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share, payable on December 15, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2025.

Proposed Stock Split

On November 3, 2025, our Board approved a three-for-one stock split of the Company’s common stock. The stock split is expected to be completed in December 2025, subject to finalization of the effective date as determined by the Board.

The stock split had not yet been effected as of September 30, 2025, and accordingly, the accompanying financial statements and per-share data do not reflect the impact of the stock split. The stock split will be reflected in future financial statements following its effective date. The Board has approved the stock split, subject to there not being any material changes in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations or the market price for the common stock that would cause the Board to change its view on the desirability of effecting the stock split.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

The Company will hold a conference call on Thursday, November 6, 2025 at 9:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss third quarter results. A live webcast of the conference call will be available on the Investors section of the Company’s website at . To listen to the live broadcast, go to the site at least 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time in order to register and install any necessary audio software.

The conference call can also be accessed by dialing 1-877-407-4018 or 1-201-689-8471. The telephone replay can be accessed by dialing 1-844-512-2921 or 1-412-317-6671 and providing the conference ID# 13753282. The telephone replay will be available starting shortly after the call through November 20, 2025.

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 882,000 acres of land, with the majority of its ownership concentrated in the Permian Basin. The Company is not an oil and gas producer, but its surface and royalty ownership provides revenue opportunities throughout the life cycle of a well. These revenue opportunities include fixed fee payments for use of the Company’s land, revenue for sales of materials (caliche) used in the construction of infrastructure, providing sourced water and/or treated produced water, revenue from the Company’s oil and gas royalty interests, and revenue related to saltwater disposal on the Company’s land. The Company also generates revenue from pipeline, power line and utility easements, commercial leases and temporary permits principally related to a variety of land uses including, but not limited to, midstream infrastructure projects and hydrocarbon processing facilities.

Visit TPL at .

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this news release are, and certain statements made on the related conference call may be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are based on TPL’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, TPL, and therefore involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Generally, future or conditional verbs such as “will,� “would,� “should,� “could,� or “may� and the words “believe,� “anticipate,� “continue,� “intend,� “expect� and similar expressions or the negative of such terms identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, references to strategies, plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, assumptions, future operations and prospects; statements regarding anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions or the Permian Basin’s future drilling inventory and energy resources; and other statements that are not historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Although TPL believes that plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by any forward-looking statements made herein are reasonable, TPL may be unable to achieve such plans, intentions or expectations and actual results, and performance or achievements may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the initiation or outcome of potential litigation; any changes in general economic and/or industry specific conditions; and the other risks discussed in TPL’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. You can access TPL’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC�) through the SEC’s website at and TPL strongly encourages you to do so. These forward-looking statements are based only on information available to TPL and speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by applicable law, TPL undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or other statements herein for revisions or changes after this communication is made.

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS

(unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Nine Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

June 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,

2024

Company’s share of production volumes: (1)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

1,284

Ìý

Ìý

1,209

Ìý

Ìý

3,616

Ìý

Ìý

3,003

Natural gas (MMcf)

Ìý

Ìý

6,142

Ìý

Ìý

5,659

Ìý

Ìý

17,031

Ìý

Ìý

12,312

NGL (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

1,031

Ìý

Ìý

868

Ìý

Ìý

2,705

Ìý

Ìý

2,073

Equivalents (MBoe)

Ìý

Ìý

3,338

Ìý

Ìý

3,020

Ìý

Ìý

9,160

Ìý

Ìý

7,128

Equivalents per day (MBoe/d)

Ìý

Ìý

36.3

Ìý

Ìý

33.2

Ìý

Ìý

33.6

Ìý

Ìý

26.0

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalty revenue (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil royalties

Ìý

$

79,860

Ìý

$

73,893

Ìý

$

229,932

Ìý

$

222,788

Natural gas royalties

Ìý

Ìý

11,441

Ìý

Ìý

4,574

Ìý

Ìý

33,576

Ìý

Ìý

13,630

NGL royalties

Ìý

Ìý

17,404

Ìý

Ìý

16,539

Ìý

Ìý

51,448

Ìý

Ìý

39,959

Total oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

95,006

Ìý

$

314,956

Ìý

$

276,377

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Realized prices: (1)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

65.14

Ìý

$

63.99

Ìý

$

66.59

Ìý

$

77.68

Natural gas ($/Mcf)

Ìý

$

2.01

Ìý

$

0.87

Ìý

$

2.13

Ìý

$

1.20

NGL ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

18.25

Ìý

$

20.60

Ìý

$

20.56

Ìý

$

20.84

Equivalents ($/Boe)

Ìý

$

34.10

Ìý

$

32.94

Ìý

$

36.01

Ìý

$

40.60

________________________________________

(1)

Term

Ìý

Definition

Ìý

Bbl

Ìý

One stock tank barrel of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

MBbls

Ìý

One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

MBoe

Ìý

One thousand Boe.

Ìý

MBoe/d

Ìý

One thousand Boe per day.

Ìý

Mcf

Ìý

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

MMcf

Ìý

One million cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

NGL

Ìý

Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas that may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Nine Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

June 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2024

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

95,006

Ìý

$

314,956

Ìý

$

276,377

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Ìý

Ìý

25,577

Ìý

Ìý

108,968

Ìý

Ìý

113,987

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Ìý

Ìý

30,737

Ìý

Ìý

90,705

Ìý

Ìý

76,034

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

16,715

Ìý

Ìý

36,223

Ìý

Ìý

71,163

Ìý

Ìý

51,496

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

2,145

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

203,085

Ìý

Ìý

187,543

Ìý

Ìý

586,611

Ìý

Ìý

520,039

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

14,387

Ìý

Ìý

14,072

Ìý

Ìý

43,031

Ìý

Ìý

39,262

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

Ìý

Ìý

8,451

Ìý

Ìý

36,005

Ìý

Ìý

36,767

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

5,591

Ìý

Ìý

5,693

Ìý

Ìý

17,356

Ìý

Ìý

27,731

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

13,699

Ìý

Ìý

40,603

Ìý

Ìý

13,695

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

2,625

Ìý

Ìý

1,877

Ìý

Ìý

6,701

Ìý

Ìý

5,990

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

53,994

Ìý

Ìý

43,792

Ìý

Ìý

143,696

Ìý

Ìý

123,445

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

149,091

Ìý

Ìý

143,751

Ìý

Ìý

442,915

Ìý

Ìý

396,594

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

6,088

Ìý

Ìý

5,240

Ìý

Ìý

15,649

Ìý

Ìý

31,249

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

155,179

Ìý

Ìý

148,991

Ìý

Ìý

458,564

Ìý

Ìý

427,843

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

32,851

Ìý

Ìý

100,534

Ìý

Ìý

92,243

Net income

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

$

116,140

Ìý

$

358,030

Ìý

$

335,600

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Net income per share of common stock

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

$

5.27

Ìý

$

5.05

Ìý

$

15.58

Ìý

$

14.60

Diluted

Ìý

$

5.27

Ìý

$

5.05

Ìý

$

15.56

Ìý

$

14.58

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

Ìý

22,984,883

Ìý

Ìý

22,987,326

Ìý

Ìý

22,984,317

Ìý

Ìý

22,990,213

Diluted

Ìý

Ìý

23,010,258

Ìý

Ìý

23,013,580

Ìý

Ìý

23,008,282

Ìý

Ìý

23,016,733

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

June 30,
2025

Ìý

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

108,705

Ìý

$

95,006

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

95,006

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Ìý

Ìý

44,578

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

25,577

Ìý

Ìý

25,577

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Ìý

Ìý

32,268

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

30,737

Ìý

Ìý

30,737

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

12,741

Ìý

Ìý

3,974

Ìý

Ìý

16,715

Ìý

Ìý

33,491

Ìý

Ìý

2,732

Ìý

Ìý

36,223

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

122,265

Ìý

Ìý

80,820

Ìý

Ìý

203,085

Ìý

Ìý

128,497

Ìý

Ìý

59,046

Ìý

Ìý

187,543

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

7,298

Ìý

Ìý

7,089

Ìý

Ìý

14,387

Ìý

Ìý

7,025

Ìý

Ìý

7,047

Ìý

Ìý

14,072

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

Ìý

Ìý

16,428

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

8,451

Ìý

Ìý

8,451

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

3,431

Ìý

Ìý

2,160

Ìý

Ìý

5,591

Ìý

Ìý

3,648

Ìý

Ìý

2,045

Ìý

Ìý

5,693

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

10,453

Ìý

Ìý

4,510

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

9,137

Ìý

Ìý

4,562

Ìý

Ìý

13,699

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

2,614

Ìý

Ìý

11

Ìý

Ìý

2,625

Ìý

Ìý

1,864

Ìý

Ìý

13

Ìý

Ìý

1,877

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

23,796

Ìý

Ìý

30,198

Ìý

Ìý

53,994

Ìý

Ìý

21,674

Ìý

Ìý

22,118

Ìý

Ìý

43,792

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

98,469

Ìý

Ìý

50,622

Ìý

Ìý

149,091

Ìý

Ìý

106,823

Ìý

Ìý

36,928

Ìý

Ìý

143,751

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

4,827

Ìý

Ìý

1,261

Ìý

Ìý

6,088

Ìý

Ìý

4,156

Ìý

Ìý

1,084

Ìý

Ìý

5,240

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

103,296

Ìý

Ìý

51,883

Ìý

Ìý

155,179

Ìý

Ìý

110,979

Ìý

Ìý

38,012

Ìý

Ìý

148,991

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

22,536

Ìý

Ìý

11,405

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

24,410

Ìý

Ìý

8,441

Ìý

Ìý

32,851

Net income

Ìý

$

80,760

Ìý

$

40,478

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

$

86,569

Ìý

$

29,571

Ìý

$

116,140

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (Continued)

(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Nine Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2024

Ìý

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

314,956

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

314,956

Ìý

$

276,377

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

276,377

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

108,968

Ìý

Ìý

108,968

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

113,987

Ìý

Ìý

113,987

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

90,705

Ìý

Ìý

90,705

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

76,034

Ìý

Ìý

76,034

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

61,568

Ìý

Ìý

9,595

Ìý

Ìý

71,163

Ìý

Ìý

43,643

Ìý

Ìý

7,853

Ìý

Ìý

51,496

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

819

Ìý

Ìý

2,145

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

2,145

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

377,343

Ìý

Ìý

209,268

Ìý

Ìý

586,611

Ìý

Ìý

322,165

Ìý

Ìý

197,874

Ìý

Ìý

520,039

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

21,727

Ìý

Ìý

21,304

Ìý

Ìý

43,031

Ìý

Ìý

20,127

Ìý

Ìý

19,135

Ìý

Ìý

39,262

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

36,005

Ìý

Ìý

36,005

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

36,767

Ìý

Ìý

36,767

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

10,392

Ìý

Ìý

6,964

Ìý

Ìý

17,356

Ìý

Ìý

21,022

Ìý

Ìý

6,709

Ìý

Ìý

27,731

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

27,279

Ìý

Ìý

13,324

Ìý

Ìý

40,603

Ìý

Ìý

3,641

Ìý

Ìý

10,054

Ìý

Ìý

13,695

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

6,667

Ìý

Ìý

34

Ìý

Ìý

6,701

Ìý

Ìý

5,988

Ìý

Ìý

2

Ìý

Ìý

5,990

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

66,065

Ìý

Ìý

77,631

Ìý

Ìý

143,696

Ìý

Ìý

50,778

Ìý

Ìý

72,667

Ìý

Ìý

123,445

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

311,278

Ìý

Ìý

131,637

Ìý

Ìý

442,915

Ìý

Ìý

271,387

Ìý

Ìý

125,207

Ìý

Ìý

396,594

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

12,399

Ìý

Ìý

3,250

Ìý

Ìý

15,649

Ìý

Ìý

25,390

Ìý

Ìý

5,859

Ìý

Ìý

31,249

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

323,677

Ìý

Ìý

134,887

Ìý

Ìý

458,564

Ìý

Ìý

296,777

Ìý

Ìý

131,066

Ìý

Ìý

427,843

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

70,804

Ìý

Ìý

29,730

Ìý

Ìý

100,534

Ìý

Ìý

63,807

Ìý

Ìý

28,436

Ìý

Ìý

92,243

Net income

Ìý

$

252,873

Ìý

$

105,157

Ìý

$

358,030

Ìý

$

232,970

Ìý

$

102,630

Ìý

$

335,600

NON-GAAP PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND DEFINITIONS

In addition to amounts presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP�), we also present certain supplemental non-GAAP performance measures. These measures are not to be considered more relevant or accurate than the measures presented in accordance with GAAP. In compliance with the requirements of the SEC, our non-GAAP measures are reconciled to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP performance measure. For all non-GAAP measures, neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on these non-GAAP measures.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measurement of earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization. The purpose of presenting EBITDA is to highlight earnings without finance, taxes, and depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, and its use is limited to specialized analysis.

The purpose of presenting Adjusted EBITDA is to highlight earnings without non-cash activity such as share-based compensation and other non-recurring or unusual items, if applicable. Additionally, adjusted EBITDA is a metric used by the compensation committee of our Board to evaluate the Company’s performance in determining the short-term and long-term incentive compensation of our Named Executive Officers on an annual basis. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus employee share-based compensation.

The purpose of presenting free cash flow is to provide investors a metric to measure funds available for investing in future acquisitions and returning capital to our stockholders through dividends and share repurchases after current income tax expense and purchases of fixed assets. Additionally, free cash flow is a metric used by the compensation committee of our Board to evaluate the Company’s performance in determining the short-term and long-term incentive compensation of our Named Executive Officers. To calculate free cash flow, net income is adjusted by the same items discussed above for EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and then further adjusted by deducting current income tax expense and purchases of fixed assets.

We have presented EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow because we believe that these metrics are useful supplements to net income in analyzing the Company’s operating performance, ability to fund future acquisitions, ability to return capital to our stockholders and explaining how our Named Executive Officers are compensated. Our definitions of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow may differ from computations of similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Nine Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

June 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2024

Net income

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

$

116,140

Ìý

$

358,030

Ìý

$

335,600

Add:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

32,851

Ìý

Ìý

100,534

Ìý

Ìý

92,243

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

13,699

Ìý

Ìý

40,603

Ìý

Ìý

13,695

EBITDA

Ìý

Ìý

170,142

Ìý

Ìý

162,690

Ìý

Ìý

499,167

Ìý

Ìý

441,538

Add:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Employee share-based compensation

Ìý

Ìý

3,493

Ìý

Ìý

3,485

Ìý

Ìý

10,061

Ìý

Ìý

7,855

Adjusted EBITDA

Ìý

$

173,635

Ìý

$

166,175

Ìý

$

509,228

Ìý

$

449,393

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to free cash flow for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months EndedÌý

Ìý

Nine Months EndedÌý

Ìý

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

June 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2025

Ìý

September 30,
2024

Net income

Ìý

$

121,238

Ìý

Ìý

$

116,140

Ìý

Ìý

$

358,030

Ìý

Ìý

$

335,600

Ìý

Add (deduct):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

33,941

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

32,851

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

100,534

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

92,243

Ìý

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

14,963

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

13,699

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

40,603

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

13,695

Ìý

Employee share-based compensation

Ìý

Ìý

3,493

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,485

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

10,061

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

7,855

Ìý

Current income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

(30,166

)

Ìý

Ìý

(32,310

)

Ìý

Ìý

(95,430

)

Ìý

Ìý

(90,080

)

Purchases of fixed assets

Ìý

Ìý

(18,601

)

Ìý

Ìý

(3,311

)

Ìý

Ìý

(30,878

)

Ìý

Ìý

(16,451

)

Decrease in accounts payable related to purchases of fixed assets

Ìý

Ìý

(2,005

)

Ìý

Ìý

(497

)

Ìý

Ìý

(3,444

)

Ìý

Ìý

(5,543

)

Free cash flow

Ìý

$

122,863

Ìý

Ìý

$

130,057

Ìý

Ìý

$

379,476

Ìý

Ìý

$

337,319

Ìý

Ìý

Investor Relations
IR@TexasPacific.com

Source: Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ