Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Announces First Quarter Results

Earnings Call to be Held Thursday, May 8, 2025 at 9:30 am CT

DALLAS--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ (NYSE: TPL) (the “Company,â€� “TPL,â€� “we,â€� “ourâ€� or “usâ€�), one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with surface and royalty ownership that provide revenue opportunities through the support of energy production, today announced its financial and operating results for the first quarter of 2025.

First Quarter 2025 Highlights

  • Oil and gas royalty production of 31.1 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“Boeâ€�) per day, a Company record
  • As of March 31, 2025, TPL’s royalty acreage had an estimated 5.9 net well permits, 12.9 net drilled but uncompleted wells ("DUCs"), and 5.4 net completed but not producing wells ("CUPs"). Net well permits, DUCs, and CUPs total 24.3 net wells(1), which represents a Company record. TPL had 90.2 net producing wells, and net producing wells added during the quarter had an average lateral length of approximately 8,988 feet.
  • Water Services and Operations segment revenues of $69.4 million, a Company record
  • Consolidated net income of $120.7 million, or $5.24 per share (diluted)
  • Adjusted EBITDA(2) of $169.4 million
  • Free cash flow(2) of $126.6 million
  • Quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share was paid on March 17, 2025

(1)

Total may not foot due to rounding.

(2)

Reconciliations of non-GAAP performance measures are provided in the tables below.

“Results for the first quarter of 2025 represented an excellent start to the year as the Company set quarterly records for oil and gas royalty production and Water Services and Operations segment revenue," said Tyler Glover, Chief Executive Officer of the Company. “TPL's resilient business model, high-margin cash flows, and fortress balance sheet enhances the Company's ability to weather a potential industry downcycle. Near-term activity levels remain strong around our footprint, but should economic volatility persist, our business retains numerous naturally embedded hedges to mitigate the potential direct impact of lower oil prices. In addition, TPL’s exceptional financial profile and strong liquidity with ample cash and no debt also allows us to be opportunistic during periods of uncertainty.�

Financial Results for the First Quarter of 2025 - Sequential

The Company reported net income of $120.7 million for the first quarter of 2025 compared to net income of $118.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2024.

Total revenues for the first quarter of 2025 were $196.0 million compared to $185.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2024. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $14.3 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue and a $2.1 million increase in water sales compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company’s share of production was 31.1 thousand Boe per day for the first quarter of 2025 versus 29.1 thousand Boe per day for the fourth quarter of 2024, and the average realized price was $41.58 per Boe in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $37.93 per Boe in the fourth quarter of 2024. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $45.9 million for the first quarter of 2025 compared to $43.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2024. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to a $1.8 million increase in water service-related expenses during the first quarter of 2025 compared to the fourth quarter of 2024.

Financial Results for the First Quarter of 2025 - Year Over Year

Total revenues for the first quarter of 2025 were $196.0 million compared to $174.1 million for the first quarter of 2024. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to a $19.1 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue and a $4.7 million increase in produced water royalties. The Company’s share of production was 31.1 thousand Boe per day for the first quarter of 2025 versus 24.8 thousand Boe per day for the first quarter of 2024, and the average realized price was $41.58 per Boe for the first quarter of 2025 versus $42.71 per Boe for the first quarter of 2024. Produced water royalties increased principally due to an increase in produced water volumes. TPL’s revenue streams are directly impacted by commodity prices and development and operating decisions made by its customers.

Total operating expenses were $45.9 million for the first quarter of 2025 compared to $38.1 million for the first quarter of 2024. The increase in operating expenses was principally related to a $6.8 million increase in depletion expense associated with oil and gas royalty interests acquired during the second half of 2024.

Quarterly Dividend Declared

On May 6, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share, payable on June 16, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on June 2, 2025.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

The Company will hold a conference call on Thursday, May 8, 2025 at 9:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss first quarter results. A live webcast of the conference call will be available on the Investors section of the Company’s website at . To listen to the live broadcast, go to the site at least 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time in order to register and install any necessary audio software.

The conference call can also be accessed by dialing 1-877-407-4018 or 1-201-689-8471. The telephone replay can be accessed by dialing 1-844-512-2921 or 1-412-317-6671 and providing the conference ID# 13753234. The telephone replay will be available starting shortly after the call through May 22, 2025.

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ

Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 873,000 acres of land, with the majority of its ownership concentrated in the Permian Basin. The Company is not an oil and gas producer, but its surface and royalty ownership provide revenue opportunities throughout the life cycle of a well. These revenue opportunities include fixed fee payments for use of the Company’s land, revenue for sales of materials (caliche) used in the construction of infrastructure, providing sourced water and/or treated produced water, revenue from the Company’s oil and gas royalty interests, and revenue related to saltwater disposal on the Company’s land. The Company also generates revenue from pipeline, power line and utility easements, commercial leases and temporary permits principally related to a variety of land uses including, but not limited to, midstream infrastructure projects and hydrocarbon processing facilities.

Visit TPL at .

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this news release are, and certain statements made on the related conference call may be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are based on TPL’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, TPL, and therefore involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Generally, future or conditional verbs such as “will,� “would,� “should,� “could,� or “may� and the words “believe,� “anticipate,� “continue,� “intend,� “expect� and similar expressions or the negative of such terms identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, references to strategies, plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, assumptions, future operations and prospects; statements regarding the anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions; and other statements that are not historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Although TPL believes that plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by any forward-looking statements made herein are reasonable, TPL may be unable to achieve such plans, intentions or expectations and actual results, and performance or achievements may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the initiation or outcome of potential litigation; any changes in general economic and/or industry specific conditions; and the other risks discussed in TPL’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. You can access TPL’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC�) through the SEC’s website at and TPL strongly encourages you to do so. These forward-looking statements are based only on information available to TPL and speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by applicable law, TPL undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or other statements herein for revisions or changes after this communication is made.

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS

(unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

March 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Ìý

March 31,
2024

Company’s share of production volumes (1):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

1,123

Ìý

Ìý

1,115

Ìý

Ìý

990

Natural gas (MMcf)

Ìý

Ìý

5,230

Ìý

Ìý

4,763

Ìý

Ìý

3,806

NGL (MBbls)

Ìý

Ìý

807

Ìý

Ìý

768

Ìý

Ìý

633

Equivalents (MBoe)

Ìý

Ìý

2,801

Ìý

Ìý

2,676

Ìý

Ìý

2,258

Equivalents per day (MBoe/d)

Ìý

Ìý

31.1

Ìý

Ìý

29.1

Ìý

Ìý

24.8

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalty revenue (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil royalties

Ìý

$

76,179

Ìý

$

75,286

Ìý

$

72,614

Natural gas royalties

Ìý

Ìý

17,561

Ìý

Ìý

4,882

Ìý

Ìý

7,062

NGL royalties

Ìý

Ìý

17,505

Ìý

Ìý

16,786

Ìý

Ìý

12,444

Total oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

96,954

Ìý

$

92,120

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Realized prices (1):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

71.05

Ìý

$

70.73

Ìý

$

76.77

Natural gas ($/Mcf)

Ìý

$

3.63

Ìý

$

1.11

Ìý

$

2.01

NGL ($/Bbl)

Ìý

$

23.46

Ìý

$

23.63

Ìý

$

21.24

Equivalents ($/Boe)

Ìý

$

41.58

Ìý

$

37.93

Ìý

$

42.71

_____________________________
Ìý

(1)

Ìý

Term

Ìý

Definition

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Bbl

Ìý

One stock tank barrel of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

MBbls

Ìý

One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGL.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

MBoe

Ìý

One thousand Boe.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

MBoe/d

Ìý

One thousand Boe per day.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Mcf

Ìý

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

MMcf

Ìý

One million cubic feet of natural gas.

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

NGL

Ìý

Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas that may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

March 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Ìý

March 31,
2024

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

96,954

Ìý

$

92,120

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

38,813

Ìý

Ìý

36,737

Ìý

Ìý

37,126

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

27,700

Ìý

Ìý

28,089

Ìý

Ìý

23,006

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

18,225

Ìý

Ìý

21,761

Ìý

Ìý

20,646

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

2,243

Ìý

Ìý

1,244

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

195,983

Ìý

Ìý

185,784

Ìý

Ìý

174,142

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

14,572

Ìý

Ìý

14,359

Ìý

Ìý

12,461

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

11,126

Ìý

Ìý

9,357

Ìý

Ìý

10,212

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

6,072

Ìý

Ìý

6,752

Ìý

Ìý

9,231

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

11,941

Ìý

Ìý

11,467

Ìý

Ìý

3,840

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

2,199

Ìý

Ìý

1,305

Ìý

Ìý

2,357

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

45,910

Ìý

Ìý

43,240

Ìý

Ìý

38,101

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

150,073

Ìý

Ìý

142,544

Ìý

Ìý

136,041

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

4,321

Ìý

Ìý

8,434

Ìý

Ìý

9,943

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

154,394

Ìý

Ìý

150,978

Ìý

Ìý

145,984

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

33,742

Ìý

Ìý

32,618

Ìý

Ìý

31,567

Net income

Ìý

$

120,652

Ìý

$

118,360

Ìý

$

114,417

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Net income per share of common stock

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

$

5.25

Ìý

$

5.15

Ìý

$

4.97

Diluted

Ìý

$

5.24

Ìý

$

5.14

Ìý

$

4.97

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Basic

Ìý

Ìý

22,980,695

Ìý

Ìý

22,974,238

Ìý

Ìý

23,003,001

Diluted

Ìý

Ìý

23,005,847

Ìý

Ìý

23,015,530

Ìý

Ìý

23,020,249

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

March 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Ìý

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

96,954

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

96,954

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

38,813

Ìý

Ìý

38,813

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

36,737

Ìý

Ìý

36,737

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

27,700

Ìý

Ìý

27,700

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

28,089

Ìý

Ìý

28,089

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

15,336

Ìý

Ìý

2,889

Ìý

Ìý

18,225

Ìý

Ìý

19,431

Ìý

Ìý

2,330

Ìý

Ìý

21,761

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

2,243

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

2,243

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

126,581

Ìý

Ìý

69,402

Ìý

Ìý

195,983

Ìý

Ìý

118,628

Ìý

Ìý

67,156

Ìý

Ìý

185,784

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

7,404

Ìý

Ìý

7,168

Ìý

Ìý

14,572

Ìý

Ìý

7,366

Ìý

Ìý

6,993

Ìý

Ìý

14,359

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

11,126

Ìý

Ìý

11,126

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

9,357

Ìý

Ìý

9,357

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

3,313

Ìý

Ìý

2,759

Ìý

Ìý

6,072

Ìý

Ìý

4,509

Ìý

Ìý

2,243

Ìý

Ìý

6,752

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

7,689

Ìý

Ìý

4,252

Ìý

Ìý

11,941

Ìý

Ìý

7,327

Ìý

Ìý

4,140

Ìý

Ìý

11,467

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

2,189

Ìý

Ìý

10

Ìý

Ìý

2,199

Ìý

Ìý

1,269

Ìý

Ìý

36

Ìý

Ìý

1,305

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

20,595

Ìý

Ìý

25,315

Ìý

Ìý

45,910

Ìý

Ìý

20,471

Ìý

Ìý

22,769

Ìý

Ìý

43,240

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

105,986

Ìý

Ìý

44,087

Ìý

Ìý

150,073

Ìý

Ìý

98,157

Ìý

Ìý

44,387

Ìý

Ìý

142,544

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

3,416

Ìý

Ìý

905

Ìý

Ìý

4,321

Ìý

Ìý

6,317

Ìý

Ìý

2,117

Ìý

Ìý

8,434

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

109,402

Ìý

Ìý

44,992

Ìý

Ìý

154,394

Ìý

Ìý

104,474

Ìý

Ìý

46,504

Ìý

Ìý

150,978

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

23,858

Ìý

Ìý

9,884

Ìý

Ìý

33,742

Ìý

Ìý

22,543

Ìý

Ìý

10,075

Ìý

Ìý

32,618

Net income

Ìý

$

85,544

Ìý

$

35,108

Ìý

$

120,652

Ìý

$

81,931

Ìý

$

36,429

Ìý

$

118,360

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (Continued)

(dollars in thousands) (unaudited)

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

March 31,
2025

Ìý

March 31,
2024

Ìý

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Ìý

Land and
Resource
Management

Ìý

Water
Services and
Operations

Ìý

Consolidated

Revenues:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Oil and gas royalties

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

111,245

Ìý

$

92,120

Ìý

$

—

Ìý

$

92,120

Water sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

38,813

Ìý

Ìý

38,813

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

37,126

Ìý

Ìý

37,126

Produced water royalties

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

27,700

Ìý

Ìý

27,700

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

23,006

Ìý

Ìý

23,006

Easements and other surface-related income

Ìý

Ìý

15,336

Ìý

Ìý

2,889

Ìý

Ìý

18,225

Ìý

Ìý

18,121

Ìý

Ìý

2,525

Ìý

Ìý

20,646

Land sales

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

1,244

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

1,244

Total revenues

Ìý

Ìý

126,581

Ìý

Ìý

69,402

Ìý

Ìý

195,983

Ìý

Ìý

111,485

Ìý

Ìý

62,657

Ìý

Ìý

174,142

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Expenses:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Salaries and related employee expenses

Ìý

Ìý

7,404

Ìý

Ìý

7,168

Ìý

Ìý

14,572

Ìý

Ìý

6,465

Ìý

Ìý

5,996

Ìý

Ìý

12,461

Water service-related expenses

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

11,126

Ìý

Ìý

11,126

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

10,212

Ìý

Ìý

10,212

General and administrative expenses

Ìý

Ìý

3,313

Ìý

Ìý

2,759

Ìý

Ìý

6,072

Ìý

Ìý

6,674

Ìý

Ìý

2,557

Ìý

Ìý

9,231

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

7,689

Ìý

Ìý

4,252

Ìý

Ìý

11,941

Ìý

Ìý

693

Ìý

Ìý

3,147

Ìý

Ìý

3,840

Ad valorem and other taxes

Ìý

Ìý

2,189

Ìý

Ìý

10

Ìý

Ìý

2,199

Ìý

Ìý

2,356

Ìý

Ìý

1

Ìý

Ìý

2,357

Total operating expenses

Ìý

Ìý

20,595

Ìý

Ìý

25,315

Ìý

Ìý

45,910

Ìý

Ìý

16,188

Ìý

Ìý

21,913

Ìý

Ìý

38,101

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Operating income

Ìý

Ìý

105,986

Ìý

Ìý

44,087

Ìý

Ìý

150,073

Ìý

Ìý

95,297

Ìý

Ìý

40,744

Ìý

Ìý

136,041

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Other income, net

Ìý

Ìý

3,416

Ìý

Ìý

905

Ìý

Ìý

4,321

Ìý

Ìý

7,930

Ìý

Ìý

2,013

Ìý

Ìý

9,943

Income before income taxes

Ìý

Ìý

109,402

Ìý

Ìý

44,992

Ìý

Ìý

154,394

Ìý

Ìý

103,227

Ìý

Ìý

42,757

Ìý

Ìý

145,984

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

23,858

Ìý

Ìý

9,884

Ìý

Ìý

33,742

Ìý

Ìý

22,256

Ìý

Ìý

9,311

Ìý

Ìý

31,567

Net income

Ìý

$

85,544

Ìý

$

35,108

Ìý

$

120,652

Ìý

$

80,971

Ìý

$

33,446

Ìý

$

114,417

NON-GAAP PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND DEFINITIONS

In addition to amounts presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP�), we also present certain supplemental non-GAAP performance measures. These measures are not to be considered more relevant or accurate than the measures presented in accordance with GAAP. In compliance with the requirements of the SEC, our non-GAAP measures are reconciled to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP performance measure. For all non-GAAP measures, neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on these non-GAAP measures.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure of earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization. The purpose of presenting EBITDA is to highlight earnings without finance, taxes, and depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, and its use is limited to specialized analysis. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus employee share-based compensation and less pension curtailment and settlement gain. The pension curtailment and settlement gain is related to a buyout by a third party of defined benefit obligations under our pension plan and the subsequent freezing of our pension plan, both of which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2024. We have excluded the pension curtailment and settlement gain from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA as such gain is a non-recurring item and is not related to our core business. The purpose of presenting Adjusted EBITDA is to highlight earnings without non-cash activity such as share-based compensation and other non-recurring or unusual items, if applicable. We calculate free cash flow as Adjusted EBITDA less current income tax expense and capital expenditures. The purpose of presenting free cash flow is to provide an additional measure of operating performance. We have presented EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow because we believe that these metrics are useful supplements to net income in analyzing the Company’s operating performance. Our definitions of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow may differ from computations of similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Ìý

Ìý

Three Months Ended

Ìý

Ìý

March 31,
2025

Ìý

December 31,
2024

Ìý

March 31,
2024

Net income

Ìý

$

120,652

Ìý

Ìý

$

118,360

Ìý

Ìý

$

114,417

Ìý

Add:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

33,742

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

32,618

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

31,567

Ìý

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Ìý

Ìý

11,941

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

11,467

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,840

Ìý

EBITDA

Ìý

Ìý

166,335

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

162,445

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

149,824

Ìý

Add (deduct):

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Employee share-based compensation

Ìý

Ìý

3,083

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

3,509

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

2,220

Ìý

Pension curtailment and settlement gain

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

(4,616

)

Ìý

Ìý

—

Ìý

Adjusted EBITDA

Ìý

Ìý

169,418

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

161,338

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

152,044

Ìý

Deduct:

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Ìý

Current income tax expense

Ìý

Ìý

(32,954

)

Ìý

Ìý

(30,177

)

Ìý

Ìý

(31,898

)

Capital expenditures

Ìý

Ìý

(9,908

)

Ìý

Ìý

(7,429

)

Ìý

Ìý

(5,662

)

Free cash flow

Ìý

$

126,556

Ìý

Ìý

$

123,732

Ìý

Ìý

$

114,484

Ìý

Ìý

Investor Relations
IR@TexasPacific.com

Source: Ó£ÌÒÊÓÆµ